了解强化学习（RL）代理的新兴行为可能很困难，因为这种代理通常使用高度复杂的决策程序在复杂的环境中进行训练。这引起了RL中解释性的多种方法，旨在调和可能在主体行为与观察者预期的行为之间产生的差异。最近的方法取决于域知识，这可能并非总是可用的，分析代理商的策略，或者是对基础环境的特定要素的分析，通常被建模为马尔可夫决策过程（MDP）。我们的主要主张是，即使基本的MDP尚不完全了解（例如，尚未准确地了解过渡概率），也没有由代理商维护（即，在使用无模型方法时），但仍可以利用它为自动生成解释。为此，我们建议使用以前在文献中使用的正式MDP抽象和转换来加快寻找最佳策略的搜索，以自动产生解释。由于这种转换通常基于环境的符号表示，因此它们可能代表了预期和实际代理行为之间差距的有意义的解释。我们正式定义了这个问题，建议一类可用于解释新兴行为的转换，并提出了有效搜索解释的方法。我们演示了一组标准基准测试的方法。

Iris segmentation is the initial step to identify biometric of animals to establish a traceability system of livestock. In this study, we propose a novel deep learning framework for pixel-wise segmentation with minimum use of annotation labels using BovineAAEyes80 public dataset. In the experiment, U-Net with VGG16 backbone was selected as the best combination of encoder and decoder model, demonstrating a 99.50% accuracy and a 98.35% Dice coefficient score. Remarkably, the selected model accurately segmented corrupted images even without proper annotation data. This study contributes to the advancement of the iris segmentation and the development of a reliable DNNs training framework.

We present RAVEn, a self-supervised multi-modal approach to jointly learn visual and auditory speech representations. Our pre-training objective involves encoding masked inputs, and then predicting contextualised targets generated by slowly-evolving momentum encoders. Driven by the inherent differences between video and audio, our design is asymmetric w.r.t. the two modalities' pretext tasks: Whereas the auditory stream predicts both the visual and auditory targets, the visual one predicts only the auditory targets. We observe strong results in low- and high-resource labelled data settings when fine-tuning the visual and auditory encoders resulting from a single pre-training stage, in which the encoders are jointly trained. Notably, RAVEn surpasses all self-supervised methods on visual speech recognition (VSR) on LRS3, and combining RAVEn with self-training using only 30 hours of labelled data even outperforms a recent semi-supervised method trained on 90,000 hours of non-public data. At the same time, we achieve state-of-the-art results in the LRS3 low-resource setting for auditory speech recognition (as well as for VSR). Our findings point to the viability of learning powerful speech representations entirely from raw video and audio, i.e., without relying on handcrafted features. Code and models will be made public.

Humans form mental images of 3D scenes to support counterfactual imagination, planning, and motor control. Our abilities to predict the appearance and affordance of the scene from previously unobserved viewpoints aid us in performing manipulation tasks (e.g., 6-DoF kitting) with a level of ease that is currently out of reach for existing robot learning frameworks. In this work, we aim to build artificial systems that can analogously plan actions on top of imagined images. To this end, we introduce Mental Imagery for Robotic Affordances (MIRA), an action reasoning framework that optimizes actions with novel-view synthesis and affordance prediction in the loop. Given a set of 2D RGB images, MIRA builds a consistent 3D scene representation, through which we synthesize novel orthographic views amenable to pixel-wise affordances prediction for action optimization. We illustrate how this optimization process enables us to generalize to unseen out-of-plane rotations for 6-DoF robotic manipulation tasks given a limited number of demonstrations, paving the way toward machines that autonomously learn to understand the world around them for planning actions.

The post-training quantization (PTQ) challenge of bringing quantized neural net accuracy close to original has drawn much attention driven by industry demand. Many of the methods emphasize optimization of a specific degree-of-freedom (DoF), such as quantization step size, preconditioning factors, bias fixing, often chained to others in multi-step solutions. Here we rethink quantized network parameterization in HW-aware fashion, towards a unified analysis of all quantization DoF, permitting for the first time their joint end-to-end finetuning. Our single-step simple and extendable method, dubbed quantization-aware finetuning (QFT), achieves 4-bit weight quantization results on-par with SoTA within PTQ constraints of speed and resource.

COVID-19的大流行提出了对多个领域决策者的流行预测的重要性，从公共卫生到整个经济。虽然预测流行进展经常被概念化为类似于天气预测，但是它具有一些关键的差异，并且仍然是一项非平凡的任务。疾病的传播受到人类行为，病原体动态，天气和环境条件的多种混杂因素的影响。由于政府公共卫生和资助机构的倡议，捕获以前无法观察到的方面的丰富数据来源的可用性增加了研究的兴趣。这尤其是在“以数据为中心”的解决方案上进行的一系列工作，这些解决方案通过利用非传统数据源以及AI和机器学习的最新创新来增强我们的预测能力的潜力。这项调查研究了各种数据驱动的方法论和实践进步，并介绍了一个概念框架来导航它们。首先，我们列举了与流行病预测相关的大量流行病学数据集和新的数据流，捕获了各种因素，例如有症状的在线调查，零售和商业，流动性，基因组学数据等。接下来，我们将讨论关注最近基于数据驱动的统计和深度学习方法的方法和建模范式，以及将机械模型知识域知识与统计方法的有效性和灵活性相结合的新型混合模型类别。我们还讨论了这些预测系统的现实部署中出现的经验和挑战，包括预测信息。最后，我们重点介绍了整个预测管道中发现的一些挑战和开放问题。

视频到语音的合成（也称为Lip-speech）是指沉默的唇部动作转换为相应的音频。由于其自我监督的性质（即可以在无需手动标记的情况下训练）以及在线可用的视听数据的收集量不断增长，因此该任务受到了越来越多的关注。尽管有这些强烈的动机，现代视频到语音的作品主要集中在词汇和环境中具有很大限制的中小型语料库。在这项工作中，我们引入了一个可扩展的视频到语音框架，该框架由两个组件组成：视频到光谱图预测器和一个预训练的神经声码器，该框架将MEL频谱图转换为波形音频。我们在LRW上取得了最先进的效果，并且在LRW上的表现要优于以前的方法。更重要的是，通过使用简单的FeedForward模型专注于频谱图预测，我们可以有效地将方法扩展到非常不受约束的数据集：据我们所知，我们是第一个在具有挑战性的LRS3数据集上显示出可理解的结果。

视频到语音是从口语说话视频中重建音频演讲的过程。此任务的先前方法依赖于两个步骤的过程，该过程从视频中推断出中间表示，然后使用Vocoder或波形重建算法将中间表示形式解码为波形音频。在这项工作中，我们提出了一个基于生成对抗网络（GAN）的新的端到端视频到语音模型，该模型将口语视频转换为波形端到端，而无需使用任何中间表示或单独的波形合成算法。我们的模型由一个编码器架构组成，该体系结构接收原始视频作为输入并生成语音，然后将其馈送到波形评论家和权力评论家。基于这两个批评家的对抗损失的使用可以直接综合原始音频波形并确保其现实主义。此外，我们的三个比较损失的使用有助于建立生成的音频和输入视频之间的直接对应关系。我们表明，该模型能够用诸如网格之类的受约束数据集重建语音，并且是第一个为LRW（野外唇读）生成可理解的语音的端到端模型，以数百名扬声器为特色。完全记录在“野外”。我们使用四个客观指标来评估两种不同的情况下生成的样本，这些客观指标衡量了人工语音的质量和清晰度。我们证明，所提出的方法在Grid和LRW上的大多数指标上都优于以前的所有作品。